Ferrous alloy compositions



Patented Feb.14,1939" I .g 1 v UNITED STATES. PATENT OFFICE FERROUS ALIDY COMPOSITIONS Joseph v. Emmons, smerneigha, ohiaas, signorto'l'he Cleveland Twist Drill Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Application April 22, 1937,

Serial No. 138,474

12 Claims. ((11. 75-128) In my prior Patent Nos. 1,998,954, 1,998,955 as are sometimes found in alloys of the character and 1,998,956 there are disclosed alloy composito which this invention relates.

tions of the class in which tungstenand molyb A somewhat narrower range of percentages denum are principal alloying elements and in within which the several alloying elements may which tungsten and molybdenum bear to e be present in compositions according to my in- 5 others. certain defined proportional relati ventionisas follows: ship. The present invention is' in effect an en- Per cent sion of the teachings in these prior patents par- Carbon About 0.25 to about 0.60 ticularly with respect to variations in' certain of Manganese"; About 0.05 to about 1.00 the primary alloying constituents, whereby alloy Silicon About 0.20 to about 2.20 10 compos particularly suited for certain Chromium.- About 3.37 to about 4.98 classes of we and rather distinct from the com- Tungsten. About 10.32 to about 19.00 positions cl ed in my said prior patents are Vanadium None to about 2.50 produced; MoLvbdenum About 1.24 to about 5.32 It is among the objects of my invention, there- Nicke1 About 1.00 to about 6.00 15 fore, to provide alloy compositions of the same general character .as. those disclosed in myabove-identifled prior patents but which, due to Variations in the amounts of certain of the althe remainder being substantially iron together with such other alloying elements and impurities as are sometimes found in compositions of the character to which this invention relates. 2

l ggi ggg g gf gi g g g g zgg g ig g g A range of percentages within which the varis t t 0th ts r m ous alloying elements may be present in some of p or en er 0 ac o my .ven' the alloys in accordance with thepresent invention will appear as the description proceeds tion and which have been found to possess par- To the accomplishment of the foregoing and ticularly desirable properties is as follows'- 1 related ends,- said invention, then, consists of the I 25 means hereinafter fully described, and particu- Per cent larly pointed out in the claims, the following de Carbon; About 0.30 to about 0.45 scription setting forth in detail some approved Manganese About 0.05 to about 0.50 combination of ingredients embodying my in- Silicon -1 About 0.27 to about 1.00

vention,'such disclosed means constitutinghow- Chromium About 3.42 to about 4.73 30 ever, but a few of the various forms in which the Tungsten. About 11.00 to about 16.00 principle of the invention may be used. Molybdenum About 1.32 to about 4.62

My invention may be, as above indicated, stated Nickel About 1.50 to about 4.00 in general terms as comprising the discovery that Vanadium None to about 0.45 certain 1 15133; gg' g g gggggggggg 31; the remainder being substantially iron together 35 atents r ult in alloys gpdrticmarly useful for with such other alloying elements and impuri p t m 0mm t ties as are sometimes found in compositions of cer am pmiposes' ore spe presen the character to which this invention relates. invention relates particularly to the use of speci- In the tone wing table are included several v8 40 fled amounts of nickel rieties or specific examples of alloy compositions 40 In accordance with my present invention, an falling within the foregoing ranges of percent gtlllggegg g gvz x elements with? 2536:21 1 arranged in the Order of their carbon Per cent Carbon", About 0.15 to about 1.60 I 45 Manganese None toabout 4.00 E 'EP 0 Mn s1 Cr w Mo v Ni Silicon. A trace to about 3.00 Chromium .About 3.25to about 6.00 7' o u zilien AboutN 8.00 208311: 22.3: 5 :5, gig, 552 gi 5 Vana um one o a u r e one 50 Molybdenum About 0.96 to about 5.60 :3 2% 11 53 51% 133%??? $532 :93 Nickel About 0.10 to about 10.00 g; if 2 3:

p I00 I30 I40 5100 1sI00 3150 None 4100 the remainder being substantially iron together Am .40 4.00 16.00 3.00 4.00 1.00

5 with such other alloying elements and impurities v The steels listed in the above table of specific examples cover wide fields of usefulness. In general, it may be pointed out that the lower carbon content, for example, those containing .50% carbon or below, will be found particularly useful for use in dies, especially dies for hot forming metals. The higher carbon ranges in addition to being useful for some types of die work have their principal field of usefulness as cutting tools.

Those steels containing nickel will be found to require somewhat lower hardening temperatures than those which do not contain nickel; also those steels containing nickel will be found to resist softening at tempering temperatures above those at which the nickel-free steels are softened.

As previously indicated, compositions of the general class disclosed herein are similar to the general class disclosed in my prior patents such as Nos. 1,998,954, 1,998,955 and 1,998,956 with respect to the tungsten and molybdenum content, 1. e., the amount o-f molybdenum in' the compositions may be broadly stated as comprising about 12% to about 28% of the amount of tungsten present. A somewhat narrower range of proportional relationships between tungsten and molybdenum contemplates the use of, molybdenum in amounts from 15% to 25% of the amount of molybdenum present. The broad range of from 12% to 28%, above referred to, may be conveniently divided into the following groups, viz.: 12% to 15%, 15% to 25% and 25% to 28%. A proportional relationship of 20% is preferred.

Attention is directed to the fact that certain of the examples included in the foregoing description of my invention may be readily nitrided.

Throughout the foregoing description several tables have been given indicating the ranges of percentages within which the various alloying elements may be present in an alloy composition according to the present invention. The specific examples which have been given indicate in general terms the proportional relationship within such broad ranges which should be maintained between the several alloying elements for best results. The tables givingthe broad ranges of composition should, therefore, be construed as indicating merely the. limits ,within which the various alloying elements may be present but not as indicating any proportional relationship between such elements. I

As is well known to those familiar with the art, any specification for a particular alloy composition must permit of certain variations due to the fact that in making up the composition, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to commercially produce a composition exactly like a given specification. It is to be understood. therefore, that throughout the description and claims where I have used figures to denote definite amounts and ranges, such amounts and ranges are to be construed to include the range of variations usual ly permissible in making up alloy compositions to given specifications.

It should be noted that where the term none" is used to denote the absence of certain elements,

.or where an alloy composition is indicated as being "free" from any one or more of these elements, the construction to be placed upon these'terms is a commercial absence of the elements in question. An alloying element such as those referred to herein may be considered as commercially absent if present in amounts less than 0.10%.

It is understood that in the compositions specifled herein, minor amounts of, other alloying elements such as titanium, tantalum, columbium,

uranium, boron, zirconium, copper, aluminium,

- etc-., as well as minor amounts of impurities such as sulphur, phosphorous, arsenic, tin, etc., may be included and when the phrase the remainder being substantially all iron' is used, it is intended to include minor amounts of such elements which, for example, may find their way into the'composition by being present in the raw materials such as scrap used in making up the composition.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of those explained, change being made as regards the materials employed, provided the ingredients stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated ingredients be employed.

I, therefore, particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:-

1. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

. Per cent Carbon From about 0.15 to about 1.60 Silicon From an effective amt. to about 3.00 Chromium From about 3.25 to about 6.00 Tungsten From about 8.00 to about 20.00 Vanadium- From an effective amt. to about 6.00 Nickel From. about 0.50 to about 10.00

Molybdenum from 12% to 28% of the amount of tungsten present and the remainder being substantially all iron.

2. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

. Per cent Carbon From about 0.25 to about 0.50 Silicon From about 0.20 to about 2.20 Chromium From about 3.37 tolabout 4.98 Tungsten From about 10.32 to about 19.00 Vanadium- From an effective amt. to about 2.50 Nickel From about 1.00 to about 6.00

Molybdenum from 12% to 28% of the amount of tungsten present and the remainder being substantially all iron.

3. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

Per cent Carbon From about 0.30 to about 0.45 Silicon From about 0.27 to about 1.30 Chromium From about 3.42 to about 4.73 Tungsten From about 11.00 to about 16.00 Nickel From about 1.50 to about 4.00

Vanadium From an effective amt. to about 0.45 Molybdenum from 12% to 28% of the amount of tungsten present and the remainder being substantially all iron.

4. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

. Per cent Carbon From about 0.15 to about 1.60 Silicon From an effective amt. to about 3.00 Chromium From about 3.25 to about 6.00 Tungsten From about 8.00 to about 20.00 Molybdenum From about 0.96 to about 5.60 Vanadium- From an effective amt. to about 6.00 Nickel From about 0.10 to about 10.00

and the remainder being substantially all iron.

5. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

Silicon Fromabout 0.27 to about 1.30

i Percent Molybdenum. about 20% of. the amount o! Chromium From about 3.42toabout 4.73 tungsten present and the remainder being 'sub- Tlmgsten From about 11.00toabout 16.00 stantially all iron. 1

Molybdenum From about 1.32 to about 4.62

Nickel From about 1.50 to about 4.00 Vanadium- From an effective amt. to about 0.45

and the remainder being substantially all iron. 7. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

Percent Carbon From about 0.15 to about. 1.60 Silicon From an eflective amt. to about 3.00 Chromium From about 3.25 to about 6.00 Tungsten From about 8.00 to about 20.00 Vanadium- From an effective amt. to about 6.00 Nickel -1 From about 0.10 to about 10.00

Molybdenum from 15 to 25% of the amount of tungsten present and the remainder being sub-. stantially all iron.

' 8. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

Per cent Carbon From about 0.25 to about 0160 Silicon From about 0.20 to about 2.20 Chromium From about 3.37 to about 4.98

' Tungsten From about 10.32 to about 19.00

Vanadium- From an effective amt. to about 2.50 Nickel From about 1.00 to about 6.00 Molybdenum from 15% to 25% of the amount of tungsten present and the remainder being substantially all iron.

9. A ferrous alloy consisting of a Per cent Carbon From about 0.15 to about 1.60 Silicon From an effective amt. to about 3.00

Chromium From about 3.25 to about 6.00

Tungsten From about 8.00 to about 20.00 Vanadium- From an effective amt. to about 0.00

Nickel From about 0.10 toabout 10.00

' 11. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

10. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

Per cent Carbon From about 0.25 to aboutv 0.60 Silicon From about 0.20 to about 2.20 Chromium From about 3.37 to about 4.98 Tungsten From about 10.32 to about 19.00

' Vanadium. From an eii'ective amt. to about 2.50

Nickel From, about 1.00 to about 6.00 Molybdenum about 20% oi. the amount of tungsten present and the remainder being substantially oll iron.

Per cent Car About 0.67 Silicon About 1.24 Chromium About 4.20 Tungst About 14.08 Molybdenum; About 1.65 Vana i About 0.43 Nickel About .14

and the remainder being substantially all iron.

12. A ferrous alloy consisting of:

Per cent Car About 1.40 Si'lionn About 0.40 Chromium About 4.00 Tungst About 16.00 Molybdenum About 3.00 Vanadium About 4.00 Nickel About 1.00

and the remainder being substantially all iron.

JOSEPH V. EMMONB. 

